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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">redis中的五大数据类型简介</h1>
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                <h3 id="redis五大数据类型介绍"><a href="#redis五大数据类型介绍" class="headerlink" title="redis五大数据类型介绍"></a>redis五大数据类型介绍</h3><p>redis中数据都是以key/value的形式存储的，五大数据类型主要是指value的数据类型，包含以下五种</p>
<h4 id="String字符串"><a href="#String字符串" class="headerlink" title="String字符串"></a>String字符串</h4><p>string是redis中最基本的数据类型，redis中的string类型是二进制安全的，即它可以包含任何数据，比如一个序列化的对象甚至一个jpg图片，但redis的字符换大小是512M</p>
<h6 id="操作指令"><a href="#操作指令" class="headerlink" title="操作指令"></a>操作指令</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>语法</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>get、set</td>
<td>get key/set key value</td>
<td>value如果有空格需要双引号以示区分</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>INCR</td>
<td>INCR key</td>
<td>默认值为0，所以首先执行命令得到1，不是int报错</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>INCRBY</td>
<td>INCRBY key increment</td>
<td>increment表示一次加多少,负数表示减多少</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DECR</td>
<td>DECR key</td>
<td>默认值为0，所以首先执行命令得到-1，不是int报错</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DECRBY</td>
<td>DECRBY key increment</td>
<td>increment表示一次减多少</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>INCRBYFLOAT</td>
<td>INCRBYFLOAT key increment</td>
<td>于INCR类似，可以递增一个双精度浮点型,写三位小数会自动忽略最后一位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>APPEND</td>
<td>APPEND key value</td>
<td>向尾部追加值,并不是相加，而是字符串拼接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>STRLEN</td>
<td>STRLEN key</td>
<td>获取字符串的长度，如果不存在返回0，注意如果有中文时，一个中文长度是3，redis是使用UTF-8编码中文的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MGET</td>
<td>MGET key1 [key2..]</td>
<td>获取多个键值对，例如MGET key1 key2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MSET</td>
<td>MSET key value [key value…]</td>
<td>设置多个键值对，例如MSET key1 value1 key2 value2</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="应用场景"><a href="#应用场景" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h6><p>控制数据库表的主键id，为数据库表提供主键生成策略，保证数据库主键的一致性</p>
<p>实现限制时间投票功能：例如微信一小时可以投一次实现热点信息：例如电商行业热点商品。新闻网站热门新闻，需要经常更新，属于高频信息的，就可以用redis的字符串类型来解决</p>
<p>还有就是比如微博的大V用户的信息，以用户主键和属性为键值</p>
<h4 id="hash哈希类型"><a href="#hash哈希类型" class="headerlink" title="hash哈希类型"></a>hash哈希类型</h4><p>类似于python中的字典dict,是一个键值对集合，在redis中用来存储对象</p>
<h6 id="操作指令-1"><a href="#操作指令-1" class="headerlink" title="操作指令"></a>操作指令</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>语法</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>HSET</td>
<td>HSET key field value</td>
<td>不存在时返回1，存在时返回0，没有插入和修改之分</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HMSET</td>
<td>HMSET key field value [field value…]</td>
<td>同时设置hash中的多个值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HGET</td>
<td>HGET key field</td>
<td>不存时返回nil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HMGET</td>
<td>HMGET key field [field….]</td>
<td>读取多个hash的值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HGETALL</td>
<td>HGETALL key</td>
<td>返回所有的字段和字段值的列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HEXISTS</td>
<td>HEXISTS key field</td>
<td>存在时返回1，不存在返回0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HSETTNX</td>
<td>HSETTNX key field value</td>
<td>于HSET不同，如果字段存在，HSET会进行修改，而HSETNX不会进行操作</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HINCRBY</td>
<td>HINCRBY key field increment</td>
<td>increment表示加多少，返回增加后的数，不是整型会报错</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HDEL</td>
<td>HDEL key field [field…]</td>
<td>删除字段，返回被删除字段的个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HKEYS</td>
<td>HKEYS key</td>
<td>返回键的所有字段名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HVALS</td>
<td>HVALS key</td>
<td>返回键的所有值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HLEN</td>
<td>HLEN key</td>
<td>返回字段总数</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="应用场景-1"><a href="#应用场景-1" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h6><p>购物车是最常用的hash，可以用用户的id当为键，商品id作为字段，数量作为值</p>
<h4 id="list列表"><a href="#list列表" class="headerlink" title="list列表"></a>list列表</h4><p>LIST是一个简单的字符串列表，因为是有序，可以从list的头部或尾部插入一个元素，也可以从LIST的头部或尾部弹出一个元素，list的值可以存放一个字典类型的数据，操作比较方便</p>
<h6 id="操作指令-2"><a href="#操作指令-2" class="headerlink" title="操作指令"></a>操作指令</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>语法</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>LPUSH</td>
<td>LPUSH key value [value…]</td>
<td>从左边添加元素，返回list的总个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RPUSH</td>
<td>RPUSH key value [value…]</td>
<td>从右边添加元素，返回list的总个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LPOP</td>
<td>LPOP key</td>
<td>移除左边第一个元素，返回被移除的元素值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RPOP</td>
<td>RPOP key</td>
<td>移除右边的第一个元素，返回被移除的元素值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LLEN</td>
<td>LLEN key</td>
<td>列表个数个数，不存在时返回0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LRANGE</td>
<td>LRANGE key start stop</td>
<td>如果start比stop靠后则返回0，start=0,stop=-1返回所有</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LREM</td>
<td>LREM key count value</td>
<td>删除指定值，返回被删除的个数，count&gt;0从左边开始删除前count个数值为value的元素，如果count&lt;0,则从右便开始删除个数为value的元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LINDEX</td>
<td>LINDEX key index</td>
<td>返回索引的元素值，-1表示从最右边的第一位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LSET</td>
<td>LSET key index value</td>
<td>根据下标设置值</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="应用场景-2"><a href="#应用场景-2" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h6><p>朋友圈点赞的场景，点赞就添加一个list数据，取消可以从中间删除</p>
<h4 id="SET集合"><a href="#SET集合" class="headerlink" title="SET集合"></a>SET集合</h4><p>SET无序集合，不同于LIST，SET中的元素不可重复 具有唯一性，常用操作是向集合添加、删除、判断某个值是否存在。</p>
<h6 id="操作指令-3"><a href="#操作指令-3" class="headerlink" title="操作指令"></a>操作指令</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>语法</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>SADD</td>
<td>SADD key member [member…]</td>
<td>添加元素，向一个集合添加一个或多个元素，因为集合的唯一性，所以添加添加相同值时会被忽略</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SREM</td>
<td>SREN key member</td>
<td>删除元素，删除集合中一个或多个元素，返回删除成功个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SMEMBERS</td>
<td>SMENBERS key</td>
<td>返回集合全部元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SISMEMBER</td>
<td>SISMEMBER key member</td>
<td>值是否存在，如果存在返回1，不存在返回0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SDIFF</td>
<td>SDIFF key [key…]</td>
<td>差运算，例如集合A和集合B差集表示A-B，在A中有的元素B中没有的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SINTER</td>
<td>SINTER key [key…]</td>
<td>交运算，返回交集集合，例如集合A和集合B返回集合A和集合B中都有的元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SUNION</td>
<td>SUNION key [key…]</td>
<td>并运算,返回并集集合，所有集合的元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SCARD</td>
<td>SCARD key</td>
<td>返回集合元素的个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SRANDMEMGER</td>
<td>SRANDMEMGER key [count]</td>
<td>获取随机元素，根据count不同返回的个数不同，count大于元素总数时返回全部元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SPOP</td>
<td>SPOP key [count]</td>
<td>弹出元素，因为集合是无序的，所以spop会随机弹出一个元素</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="应用场景-3"><a href="#应用场景-3" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h6><p>随机推送热点信息，热点新闻，热卖旅游关注推荐等</p>
<p>还有就是共同好友信息，qq的共同好友还有微信的公众号共同关注好友数量</p>
<h4 id="zset有序集合"><a href="#zset有序集合" class="headerlink" title="zset有序集合"></a>zset有序集合</h4><p>zset 也有集合唯一元素的特性，但他是有序的，可以存放一些唯一并且需要有序的数据</p>
<h6 id="操作指令-4"><a href="#操作指令-4" class="headerlink" title="操作指令"></a>操作指令</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令</th>
<th>语法</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>ZADD</td>
<td>ZADD key [NX|XX] [CH] [INCR] score menmber [score member…]</td>
<td>添加元素，不存在添加，存在更新</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZSCORE</td>
<td>ASCORE key member</td>
<td>返回元素成员的score分数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZRANGE</td>
<td>ARANGE key start top [WITHSCORES]</td>
<td>与LRANGE类似，加上withscores返回带元素，即元素分数，分数一样时按元素排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZREVRANGE</td>
<td>ZREVRANGE key start [WITHSCORES]</td>
<td>与ZRANGE区别在于ZREVRANGE是从大到小的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZRANGEBYSCORE</td>
<td>ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORE] [LIMIT offest count]</td>
<td>指定分数范围元素，返回从小到大在min和max之间的元素，limit offest count 向左偏移offest个元素，并获取前count个元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZREVRANGESCORE</td>
<td>ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max  min [WITHSCORE] [LIMIT offest count]</td>
<td>与zrangebyscore类似，该命令是从大到小排序的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZINCRBY</td>
<td>ZINCRBY key increment member</td>
<td>增加分数，返回增加后的分数，如果成员不存在，则添加一个为0的成员</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="应用场景-4"><a href="#应用场景-4" class="headerlink" title="应用场景"></a>应用场景</h6><p>比如说排场榜的这种情况，元素必须是唯一并且要有序，就非常的适合有序集合</p>

                
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